9.11.2025

Late Summer Warblers!

"Man only likes to count his troubles; he doesn't calculate his happiness."

― Fyodor Dostoevsky
The warblers are back!

These were the species found last weekend in Middleton:

Blue-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Cape May Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler
Black-and-white Warbler
American Redstart
Ovenbird
Northern Waterthrush
Mourning Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
Canada Warbler
Hints of autumn flicker through the foliage, yet the Pheasant Branch Creek Corridor still holds its lush, almost jungle-like feel.

Summer's creatures remain active as well ...
And of course, wildflowers are still hanging on, throwing one last party before fall takes over.
The world feels heavy with bad news these days, but out here, Nature has a way of easing the weight. The rush of the creek, the hush of the trees, and the simple persistence of wildflowers remind me that life carries on with a rhythm far older and steadier than our troubles. In that rhythm, there's peace.
All images © 2025 Mike McDowell

9.10.2025

An oldie, but a goodie ...

"Truth has nothing to do with the conclusion, and everything to do with the methodology."

― Stefan Molyneux
This cartoon nails it: the internet convinces people they're an expert, even when their "knowledge" is about as deep as a puddle in August. Anyone who's ever endured a "well, actually…" from someone outside their field knows this flavor of hell. 

9.05.2025

Return to Seagull Bar!

"There is something about a fire on a dark night, a fire shared with others, that pulls the gloom right out of you. We sat around the cheery little blaze with the branches popping as they burned with the flames dancing, and although we hadn't eaten that day, I could feel our spirits rise along with the smoke that drifted toward the stars."

― William Kent Krueger
I'd been anticipating this trip all spring and summer. Once again, Sue and I loaded up and headed north to Paya Lake for a week away from the bustle of city life. There's something about Wisconsin's Northwoods — the still mornings on the water, the scent of pine drifting on the breeze, the echoing calls of loons — that settles me the moment we arrive. The Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest feels like a second home, only wilder.
Our first day was spent at Seagull Bar State Natural Area, where I set out to search the sandy shoreline for tiger beetles. Birds weren't really a priority, but I'm always listening for them. Though gulls were abundant, I only paused long enough to take a few obligatory shots of Ring-billeds loafing on the rocks near the parking lot. Alas, I did miss an opportunity to digiscope a Sanderling.
We found a deceased Lake Sturgeon on the shore — sadly, the first one I've ever encountered. Even in death, it was an impressive sight — a relic of an ancient lineage that still inhabits the Great Lakes.
Seagull Bar lies where the Menominee River meets Lake Michigan, forming a long, narrow sand spit that stretches out into the bay. It's a place shaped by water and wind — wide sand flats, shifting dunes, and open shorelines that feel wild and exposed. The shallow waters and mudflats attract a mix of shorebirds and waterfowl during migration, while the sandy barrens provide habitat for rare plants and insects (especially tiger beetles). Walking out along the bar, you're surrounded on all sides by open sky and water, with Lake Michigan rolling against the shore and gulls wheeling constantly overhead. It's both stark and beautiful.
On account of the cooler weather, we didn't spot any tiger beetles at first. But after about half an hour, they began to emerge. I headed to the spot where I usually find Twelve-spotted Tiger Beetles, and sure enough, there they present.
The sunlight was occasionally filtered by clouds, but that actually worked to my advantage. One thing I enjoy about photographing tiger beetles in this softer light is how much more evident the elytral microsculpture (surface texture or patterning on an insect's exoskeleton) becomes. In direct sun, the iridescent glare can wash out some of that fine detail, but under cloud cover, it really stands out.
Not to get caught up in the numbers game, but this is TB species #12 for 2025.
This time the water was shallow enough for us to wade across to the island at the southern end. Seagull Bar has transformed quite a bit over the decades (see Google Earth) — sometimes the island connects with the main spit, while at other times much of the entire stretch has been submerged beneath the bay. Check the year 2020 for that!
A Shoreline Wolf Spider — the same species I encounter at Sauk along the Wisconsin River.
Onto the next target species ...
This teneral Hairy-necked Tiger Beetle shows a coloration that closely resembles a Common Claybank. In entomology, a teneral adult is a freshly emerged beetle that has just completed its final molt, with a still-soft exoskeleton. Although these specimens belong to the rhodensis subspecies, research suggests they are not genetically distinct from the nominate form. That raises a question: could differences in color and maculations be shaped more by environmental factors — perhaps during larval development — than by true genetic divergence at the subspecies level.
No matter, I always try to find as many different ones as I can.
Here are a few with disrupted maculations.
Again, note the detailed microsculpture.
And this one has almost no maculations:
And that was pretty much day-one! Unfortunately for me, I planned poorly and got a pretty bad sunburn, so the following day we took it easy by boating around Paya Lake.
Another place we wanted to check out was Hagar Mountain State Natural Area. Google first led us to a spot with no trailhead, though we noticed an unmarked parking area a few hundred feet back. We drove around searching for a sign for the SNA, but eventually returned to the unmarked lot. There were still no signs, but the trail we found there seemed to head in the direction we were hoping for.
It turned out to be the spot! 
A cool small falls along the way ... 
We also returned to McCaslin Brook ...
And Cathedral Pines ...
Warblers observed throughout the week included Cape May, Golden-winged, Nashville, Black-and-white, Black-throated Green, Blackburnian, Northern Waterthrush, Yellow-rumped, and Common Yellowthroat. Red-eyed Vireos and Red-breasted Nuthatches proved the most abundant passerines, though we also came across a single Yellow-throated Vireo and a Hermit Thrush. 
Paya Lake was calm in the evenings, the kind of calm that made the crackle of a campfire feel timeless. We'd settle in with bourbon in hand, guitars balanced across our laps, and let the night take its course. Songs were half-polished and improvisational, conversations delightfully nonsensical — threads of thought that wandered as freely as the sparks rising into the dark. Looking back, it wasn't about playing perfectly or saying anything profound. It was about how easy it felt to lose track of time, to be carried along by laughter, music, and the simple warmth of fire and companionship in the quiet Northwoods of Wisconsin.
All images © 2025 Mike McDowell

The Supergene Illusion

"If you're not confused, you're not paying attention."

― Tom Peters
Some birders (and researchers) describe the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) as having four sexes, but that's a catchy oversimplification. Biologically, these birds still have only two sexes: males that produce sperm and females that produce eggs. What sets them apart is an interesting genetic twist — a chromosomal inversion, often called a supergene — that produces two plumage and behavior types: white-striped and tan-striped. The sex-determining system (ZZ/ZW) and the morph supergene (ZAL2/ZAL2m) are completely separate genetic mechanisms.
(click to enlarge)

Almost every (but not all) breeding pair is made up of one bird from each morph, so in practice you see four combinations (white male, tan male, white female, tan female). But those aren't four biological sexes — they're two sexes expressed in two morphs. The real fascination lies in how this unusual system enforces outbreeding and maintains genetic diversity, not a redefinition of sex binary.

Suggesting that the White-throated Sparrow somehow proves human categories of sex are outdated isn't biology — it's what philosophers call the Reverse Naturalistic Fallacy: taking an oddity in Nature and using it as evidence for a social or moral claim about people. It doesn't overturn the basic fact that these birds reproduce through two sexes.

All images © 2025 Mike McDowell

9.01.2025

Success with Splendids!

"Happily we bask in this warm September sun, which illuminates all creatures."

— Henry David Thoreau
It's September!

August proved to be one of those months that felt both full and complicated—a blur of travel, the annoyance of an ear infection, steady demands from work, and, of course, my ongoing pursuits in Nature. Each thread pulled me in a different direction, leaving little time to catch my breath, but also leaving plenty to reflect on as summer begins its slow handoff to fall. The infection weighed on me most: because I bird primarily by ear, the sharp decline in my hearing was unsettling, and when the world suddenly grew muffled, I found myself genuinely concerned about what it might mean for my future in the field. I'll never take my hearing for granted again.


Now that things have settled down (hearing restored, too), Spring Green Preserve seemed like the natural choice to resume Nature observation and photography.
Sue and I hiked to the top of the bluff, knowing there would be plenty of poison ivy and mosquitoes through the woods on the way up the trail. The views are always worth the effort, but my main goal was to check on Splendid Tiger Beetles (Cicindela splendida), since their numbers had been exceedingly low during the spring season.
Splendids are a classic spring–fall species. Adults that overwintered emerge in spring to feed and reproduce, while fresh adults appear in August and September after completing pupa development. These late-summer beetles will dig overwintering burrows in October, to re-emerge the following spring. As I've noted before, Splendids favor the rocky outcroppings atop Spring Green's bluffs.
Though tiger beetles are usually my main quarry, I'll happily photograph whatever catches my eye—like this strikingly cool katydid.
Ah ha! Here they are ...
Though absent from the first two outcroppings, they were present in modest numbers on the large central rock formation and just below the bluff's crest. I counted a dozen or more in total—far better than the lone individual I managed to find all spring. Perhaps this suggests the population is doing just fine, and that some factor made overwintered adults scarce in April. I know of no other location in Wisconsin where this species can be reliably found. At iNaturalist.org, there's a single observation from Sussex (WI) in 1998, and also one beetle at near Boscobel (WI) in 1996. However, there are historical records placing them in a dozen counties in southern Wisconsin, mostly to the west.
Since spring offered no real chance at portraits of this species, I suppose I indulged a bit once the opportunity finally came. My favorite is meeting them face to face as they patrol the edges of the outcroppings—utterly adorable! They were very cooperative and accommodating. 
Blazing star! All over the prairie.
With another month of tiger beetling still to enjoy, the pull of fall migration may interrupt now and then. My autumn birding has mellowed over the years, mostly focused on sparrows by late September. I let a few warblers pass me by in spring, but I no longer feel the old urge to chase them down.
All images © 2025 Mike McDowell